到2050年印度氢使用量将增长10倍

据能源世界网6月9日新德里报道，根据能源和资源研究所(TERI)的数据显示，印度使用氢气的潜在规模是巨大的，到2050年可以增加3到10倍，促进该国向碳中性经济的转型。

该研究所在一份题为“印度制造氢气”的政策简报中表示，在向碳中和经济过渡的过程中，氢气可以为可再生能源和电池提供辅助作用；文章补充道，氢的早期需求市场包括卡车燃料电池、电力部门供需平衡以及工业中替代化石燃料。

印度重型运输市场将迅速扩大，随之而来的碳排放既是巨大的挑战，也是机遇。TERI表示，目前，氢燃料电池汽车的充电时间在5到15分钟之间，而纯电动汽车则需要超过90分钟。

TERI称，尽管由于电池能够在24小时内多次循环使用，故而可以提供经济高效的日间存储，但它们不太可能在几天或几周的时间内提供具有成本效益的存储。出于这个目的，氢气可能是一个更合适的选择，因为大规模开发氢气储存设施的资本成本较低，包括盐穴或钢罐。

在印度，目前的氢需求主要集中在化工和石化行业，未来的需求预计将受到运输、工业和电力行业更多使用的推动。该政策简报称，氢可分为“灰色”(由化石燃料产生)、“蓝色”(由具有碳捕获和存储功能的化石燃料产生)和“绿色”(由可再生电力产生)。

根据TERI说法，到目前为止，印度在获取太阳能光伏和电池等某些清洁能源技术的制造效益方面取得的成功有限。因此，它现在将绿色氢视为下一个“清洁能源奖励”，这将需要工业和政府的协调行动。

今年1月，新能源与可再生能源部（MNRE）前秘书阿南德·库马尔（Anand Kumar）表示：“我们正试图建立氢能任务。氢作为能源可以使钢铁，航空等行业脱碳。 可以充当能源载体，并可以满足火车和运输部门的需求。”

他补充道，政府将不遗余力地分析形势，并在氢能建设任务的所有适用和未来领域进行研究和开发。

郝芬 译自 能源世界网

原文如下：

Energy transition: Hydrogen use in India's energy mix can grow 10 times by 2050

The potential scale of hydrogen use in India is huge and can increase in a ange between 3 times and 10 times by 2050, facilitating the transition to a carbon neutral economy, according to The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).

"Hydrogen can provide a supplementary role to renewables and batteries, in a transition to a carbon neutral economy," the institute has said in a policy brief titled "Make Hydrogen in India" adding that the early demand markets for hydrogen include fuel cells for trucking, balancing supply and demand in the power sector, and replacing fossil fuels in industry.

India’s heavy duty transport market is set to rapidly expand and with it associated carbon emissions present both a huge challenge and an opportunity."Presently, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can be reged between 5 to 15 minutes as compared to the well over 90 minutes required for battery electric vehicles," TERI said.

Although batteries can provide cost-effective intraday storage because of their ability to cycle multiple times within 24 hours, they are unlikely to provide cost-effective storage align="justify">In India, current hydrogen demand is largely focused in the chemical and petrochemical sectors and the future demand is expected to be driven by greater use across transport, industry and power. Hydrogen produced can be divided into ‘grey’- produced from fossil fuels, ‘blue’- produced from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage and ‘green’- produced from renewable electricity, the policy brief said.

According to TERI, so far India has had limited success in capturing the manufacturing benefits of certain clean energy technologies such as solar photovoltaic and batteries. Hence, it now sees green hydrogen as the next 'clean energy prize', which will require coordinated action from industry and government.

In January this year, Anand Kumar, former secretary at ministry of new and renewable energy (MNRE) had said: "We are trying to set up a hydrogen mission. Hydrogen as a source of energy can decarbonise industries like steel, aviation etc. It can act as an energy carrier and can meet the demand of trains and transportation sector."

He had added the government is leaving no stone unturned to analyse the situation and carrying out research and development in all the applicable and futuristic areas of the mission hydrogen.